LYMPHEDEMA PRAECOX MEIGE SYNDROME
Lymphedema Praecox
Lymphedema Meige Syndrome
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MEIGE LYMPHEDEMA SYNDROME
Lymphedema Praecox
See also: Nonne-Milroy-Meige Syndrome, Meige's lymphedema, Hereditary
lymphedema
II, familial lymphedema praecox
See also http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/all_about_lymphedema.htm
Form of primary hereditary lymphedema that starts at or around
the time of
puberty. The affected limbs are generally the legs.
Named after French physician Dr. Henri Meige who first described
hereditary
lymphedema in 1891. This form of lymphedema which usually presents
itself at or
during puberty is the most common of the hereditary lymphedemas,
account for
65-80% of all diagnosed cases.
Meige-Type Lymphedema
Also known as Lymphedema II, this syndrome is similar to Lymphedema I
but the
onset of peripheral edema occurs during the second to the fifth
decades. The
legs are the most commonly involved, and lymphangiography reveals
hypoplasia of
peripheral lymphatics with dilation of lymphatic trunks.
Diagnosis
Basic diagnosis can be made by the fact that swelling (generally of the legs) presents during puberty and there is a family history of similar swelling. Currently the most precise diagnosis can be made by a lymphoscintigraphy test. In this test a radioactive substance is injected into the limb and is traced on a computer screen. Through this method the exact location of the lymphatic blockages can be identified.
Etiology
The cause of Lymphedema Praecox is a break in the VEGFR3 gene. The gene FOXC2 is implicated and there is also suspect third lymphedema gene.
Complications
The usual complications involved with the condition include fibrosis of the limb tissues, cellulitis (and or lymphangitis and erysipelas infections). Other complications made include involvement of the genitalia, pain, skin conditions and in very rare situations lymphangiosarcoma.
Other Indications
Related conditions may also include yellow nail syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, cerebrovascular malformations and distichiasis
Treatment
Decongestive therapy is the most widely accepted form of treatment. There is no cure for Lymphedema praecox but the condition can be managed by early diagnosis and treatment.
Prognosis
Long term prognosis is excellent if the condition is identified early and treatment begins so after the diagnosis is made.
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Meige Lymphedema
Stages
LATENCY STAGE
Lymphatic transport capacity is reduced
No visible/palpable edema
Subjective complaints are possible
STAGE I
(Reversible Lymphedema)
Accumulation of protein rich edema fluid
Pitting edema
Reduces with elevation (no fibrosis)
STAGE II
(Spontaneously Irreversible Lymphedema)
Accumulation of protein rich edema fluid
Pitting becomes progressively more difficult
Connective tissue proliferation (fibrosis)
STAGE III
(Lymphostatic Elephantiasis)
Accumulation of protein rich edema fluid
Non pitting
Fibrosis and sclerosis (severe induration)
Skin changes (papillomas, hyperkeratosis, etc.)
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Familial lymphedema praecox: Meige's disease
abstract
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=81199863
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MEIGE LYMPHEDEMA, LYMPHEDEMA, LATE-ONSET, LYMPHEDEMA PRAECOX
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
John Hopkins University
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that hereditary lymphedema type II is caused by mutation in the forkhead family transcription factor gene MFH1 (FOXC2; 602402). Allelic disorders with overlapping features include the lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (153400), lymphedema and ptosis (153000), and lymphedema and yellow nail syndrome (153300). Also see hereditary lymphedema type I, or Milroy disease (153100).
CLINICAL FEATURES
Edema, particularly severe below the waist, develops about the time of puberty. Meige (1898) described 8 cases in 4 generations without male-to-male transmission. Goodman (1962) reported the condition in 2 sisters and a brother with presumed normal parents who were not known to be related. Herbert and Bowen (1983) described a kindred with many cases of lymphedema of postpubertal onset. Involvement of the upper limbs (as well as the lower limbs), face, and larynx and, in one, a persistent pleural effusion were notable features. Scintilymphangiography indicated paucity or absence of lymph nodes in the axillae and above the inguinal ligaments. Chronic facial swelling resulted in a characteristic appearance of affected members including puffiness, shiny skin, deep creases, and, in some, excessive wrinkling. Emerson (1966) noted similar facial features and remarked on the possible erroneous diagnosis of myxedema.
Herbert and Bowen (1983) noted the difficulties of nosology. For example, because lymphedema and yellow nail syndrome has yellow or dystrophic nails as a variable feature, this could be the same disorder. They pointed also to the association of late-onset lymphedema with deafness (Emberger et al., 1979) and with primary pulmonary hypertension and cerebrovascular malformations (152900; Avasthey and Roy, 1968).
Figueroa et al. (1983) reported the association of cleft palate. In their family, the mother, with only lymphedema praecox of the legs, gave birth to 5 sons, 3 of whom had both lymphedema of the legs and cleft palate. A mild form of lymphedema affecting mainly the medial aspect of both ankles in a 21-year-old son was pictured.
Andersson et al. (1995) described a family in which 3 individuals, a grandmother, her son and her grandson, had onset of lymphedema in their mid-20s or 30s. The grandson was 23 years old when he had his first episode of lymphedema, which was thought to be due to thrombophlebitis. During the ensuing decade, he had episodic waxing and waning of lymphedema of both lower limbs and was treated with anticoagulant therapy. At the age of 35, he developed lymphangiosarcoma on the inner right thigh and died of metastases some months later. Lymphangiosarcoma, usually associated with postmastectomy lymphedema, had not been described previously in late-onset hereditary lymphedema. Andersson et al. (1995) raised the question of whether a genetic predisposition to malignancy combined with the lymphedema was etiologically significant. There seemed to be an unusually high frequency of cancer (uterine, colon, lung, prostate, breast, and bone) in the proband's family
Finegold et al. (2001) found a mutation in the FOXC2 gene (602402.0007) in a family with Meige lymphedema and also in a family with yellow nail syndrome.
Finegold et al. (2001) noted that the phenotypic classification of dominantly inherited lymphedema includes Milroy disease (hereditary lymphedema I), Meige lymphedema (hereditary lymphedema II), lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, lymphedema and ptosis, and yellow nail syndrome. The phenotypes reported in their 11 families overlapped the findings reported in Meige lymphedema, lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, lymphedema and ptosis, and yellow nail syndrome, but not in Milroy disease. Milroy disease is associated with mutation in the FLT4 gene (136352), whereas mutations in the FOXC2 gene were observed in the 4 lymphedema syndromes that had phenotypic overlap
George E. Tiller - updated : 10/22/2001
Victor A. McKusick : 6/2/1986
carol : 11/19/2003
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=153200
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