LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA
Stewart Treves Syndrome
Angiosarcoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lymphangiosarcoma
Related Terms: lymphangioendothelioma, hemangiosarcoma, cutaneous angiosarcoma, postmastectomy angiosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma in postmastectomy lymphedema, postlymphedema angiosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma in chronic lymphedema, hemangiosarcoma in postmastectomy lymphedema, postmastectomy lymphedema, lymphangiosarcoma, Milroy disease, Milroy's disease, idiopathic lymphedema, congenital lymphedema, traumatic lymphedema, filarial lymphedema
Discussion
Stewart-Treves Syndrome
(lymphangiosarcoma) is a rare, aggressive and
cutaneous
angiosarcoma often
associated with long standing lymphedema.
The
malignancy arises from the
endothelial
cells of the
lymphatic
system.
Most cases arise from lymphedema induced by a radical
mastectomy in
breast
cancer patients with an average onset of 5 - 15 years and an
occurrence rate of
<1%. Although there has also been significant reports regarding
development from
Milroy lymphedema and in idiopathic, congenital, traumatic,
or
filarial lymphedema.
Causes:
The three main indications for the development of Stewart Treves in a
lymphodemous limb appear to be radiation, extensive
fibrosis and recurrent or
chronic
infection. Another cause factor may be the immunodeficient
state of a
lymphodemous limb.
Pathology:
The
sarcoma first appears as a bruised area or a purplish
discoloration in an
extremity. It progresses to an
ulcer with crusting and finally to an extensive
necrosis
involving the
skin and
subcutaneous
tissue. There is also often
development of satellite spots from the original locale. It
metastasizes widely and
there is no effective therapy or cure.
Treatment:
In the past, this rapid growing sarcoma was generally fatal as treatment was difficult, if not impossible. The malignant lesions were usually excised and/or the limb was amputated.
In more recent years chemotherapy and radiotherapy has shown increased long term survival rates and in my opinion, should be tried before the limb is amputated. The critical importance is in early diagnosing and intervention.
Chemotherapy with intraarterial mitoxantrone and placitaxel with ex vivo previous sensitivity test seems a current adequate complementary approach.(1)
Diagnosis:
The appearance of multiple "purplish" lesions, with given patient history should cause a suspiscion of lymphangiosarcoma.
"Diagnosis is finally histological. There is an admixture of spindle cells and vascular spaces deformed by pleiomorphic endothelial cells. A metastasis of the primary tumor is ruled out by electron microscopy (Weibel-palade granulations), or, more currently, by immunohistochemistry. Lymphangiosarcoma cells express positive endothelial markers (CD34, vimentin, keratine, VIII factor antigen). Kaposi's sarcoma is excluded by epidemiological context and histologic examination."(2)
Prognosis:
Poor as the malignancy spreads rapidly, metasticing to the lungs, chest walls, liver and or bone and the reoccurrence rate is high . Long term survival rates are extremely low.
===============================================
LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA / STEWART -
TREVES SYNDROME
***
Introduction to the article - please see weblink for the entire
article ***
Background: Stewart-Treves syndrome is a rare, deadly
cutaneous
angiosarcoma
that develops in long-standing chronic lymphedema.
Most commonly, this tumor is
a result of lymphedema induced by radical mastectomy to treat breast
cancer.
Unfortunately, although the breast cancer may be cured with such
radical
surgery, this second primary cancer may be responsible for the
patient's
worsening course. The term Stewart-Treves syndrome is broadly applied
to an
angiosarcoma that arises in a chronically lymphedematous region due to
any
cause, including congenital lymphedema and other causes of
secondary lymphedema
unassociated with mastectomy. Lymphangiosarcoma is a misnomer because
this
malignancy seems to arise from
blood vessels instead of
lymphatic
vessels. A
more appropriate name is hemangiosarcoma.
In 1906, Lowenstein first described angiosarcoma in a patient's arm
that had
been affected by severe posttraumatic lymphedema for 5 years. In 1948,
Stewart
and Treves reported this rare secondary malignancy in 6 cases of
angiosarcoma in
postmastectomy
lymphedema. They recognized that an edematous arm after radical
mastectomy for breast cancer may suggest recurrent breast cancer, but
that
long-standing
chronic
edema without recurrent cancer may occasionally produce
"a heretofore unrecognized and unreported sequel ... long after the
malignant breast neoplasm has apparently been arrested ... a new
specific
tumor." Stewart and Treves suggested that these angiosarcomas were
probably
not observed previously because they were mistaken for recurrent,
inoperable,
cutaneous manifestations of breast cancer.
Lymphangiosarcoma has been described in Milroy disease and in
idiopathic, congenital,
traumatic, or
filarial
lymphedema.
http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic898.htm
eMedicine
http://www.emedicine.com
----------------------------------------------------------
Divison of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Angiosarcoma is an uncommon but aggressive tumor of endothelial origin that may occur in the upper extremities of patients with postmastectomy lymphedema (Stewart-Treves syndrome) as well as in other regions. We present an unusual case of angiosarcoma associated with congenital nonhereditary lymphedema in an 18-year-old man. Our case underscores the need for a careful clinical examination and shows the importance of appropriate sampling and thorough pathologic examination of suspicious areas to exclude the presence of a malignant process.
----------------------------------------------------------
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
A significant proportion of angiosarcoma arises in the setting of chronic lymphedema, often following surgery for breast carcinoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome). Massive localized lymphedema (MLL), a relatively recently described and rare pseudotumor most often occurring in morbidly obese patients, is thought to be the result of derangements in lymphatic drainage secondary to excessive adipose tissue. Only a very small number of cases of angiosarcoma have been reported in patients with MLL. We reviewed the clinical and pathological features of five patients with angiosarcoma arising in this unusual clinical setting. The tumors arose in three women and two men, who were in the age range from 36 to 81 years (median: 52 years). All patients were or had recently been morbidly obese (mean body mass index = 47.2 kg/cm(2) ; range:37.6-68.5 kg/cm(2) ) and had long-standing soft tissue changes of MLL. The tumors arose in the thigh (two cases), lower leg (two cases) and abdomen/proximal thigh (one case) and ranged from 6 to 28.5 cm in size (mean: 15.9 cm). All tumors were conventional high-grade angiosarcomas and microscopically exhibited an admixture of vasoformative, spindled and epithelioid features. Microscopic changes of MLL, including dermal fibrosis, expansion of interlobular fibrous septa and lymphangiectasia, were identified in all cases. Clinical follow-up (four cases; mean: 13.8 months; range: 2-32 months) showed one patient to be dead of disease, one patient to be dead from therapy-related complications and two patients to be alive without disease. One case was too recent for meaningful clinical follow-up. We conclude that lymphedema secondary to obesity should be recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of angiosarcoma. The clinical and pathological features of angiosarcoma arising in this distinctive clinical setting appear to be identical to those of other lymphedema-associated angiosarcomas. With the continuing epidemic of obesity in Western societies, the incidence of obesity-related angiosarcoma is probably to increase. Consequently, it is critical that lymphedematous areas in obese patients be carefully examined for clinical evidence of early angiosarcoma, with the hope that timely diagnosis may lead to improved patient outcome.
----------------------------------------------------------
Lymphangiosarcoma treated with liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx)
2007 Oct
Clinique Dermatologique, CHU, Rouen, France. verdiereva@yahoo.fr
BACKGROUND: Lymphangiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Anthracyclines constitute the form of chemotherapy most commonly used in these patients. Unfortunately, they are poorly tolerated. We report a case of lymphangiosarcoma in an elderly woman with good response to liposomal doxorubicin, an anthracycline with lower toxicity.
CASE REPORT: A 70 year-old-woman with a previous history of post-mastectomy lymphedema presented a painful and bleeding lymphangiosarcoma on the arm and the chest. Because of the wide extent of the tumor, surgery was not performed. The patient was treated with liposomal doxorubicin 50 mg/m2. Marked tumor regression was observed after the first course of chemotherapy. After 5 courses, 90% regression of tumor mass was seen. Pain and bleeding also stopped. Two months after the final course of liposomal doxorubicin, relapse occurred and the patient died.
DISCUSSION: A dramatic response to liposomal doxorubicin was noted in the present case, as previously reported in a patient with an angiosarcoma of the scalp. Liposomal doxorubicin could be considered for the treatment of lymphangiosarcoma, particularly in elderly patients.
For Information of Doxorubicin: MedMaster Patient Drug Information
----------------------------------------------------------
Radiotherapy in multilocalized lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma
Eur J Dermatol. 2005 Nov-Dec
Department of Dermatology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hautkrankheiten Ernst-Kromayer-Str. 5 D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Keywords : interferon β, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphedema, radiotherapy, Stewart Treves Syndrome
We report an 80-year-old woman, suffering from a recurrence of a multilocalized lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma of the right arm. The tumor consisted of solid tumor cell formations and "classical" spongiform tumor complexes. In the tumor periphery, pathological endothelial cell proliferates on pre-existing dilated lymphatic capillaries were detectable, which, together with immunohistology (CD 31+/Desmoplakin-1-2.17+/CD 34-), supported the diagnosis of lymphangiosarcoma. Complete remission was achieved under radioimmunotherapy (54 Gy/Interferon beta). A further recurrence 3 months later outside the primary therapy fields was successfully treated with radiotherapy alone. During a follow-up observation period of 3 years, there was neither local recurrence nor metastasis. This case demonstrates for the first time the long-lasting efficacy of photon radiation in a case of histologically-defined lymphangiosarcoma. Further studies should elucidate the suitability of radio monotherapy as first-line therapy in lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma with lymphatic endothelium-like immunohistology.
European Journal of Dermatology
----------------------------------------------------------
Upper Limb Lymphangiosarcoma Following Breast Cancer Therapy
Journal of
Clinical Oncology, Vol 24, No 9
(March 20), 2006: pp. 1477-1478
© 2006 American
Society of
Clinical Oncology.
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.8473
Departments of Medical Oncology, Dermatology, and Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
A 75-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac failure was referred to our institution for a second opinion after a diagnosis of lymphangiosarcoma of the upper left limb. In 1997, she was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Treatment consisted of breast-conserving surgery followed by axillary node dissection and local radiotherapy. No additional systemic treatment was administered. The patient did well except for residual lymphedema of the arm. Three months before admission to our hospital, edema and pain of the left arm was observed, which was associated with fever during the last 2 weeks. The patient was diagnosed with erysipelas and systemic antibiotic treatment was administered without resulting in any improvement. Physical examination showed striking lymphedema with purple-colored multifocal raised lesions, several of them progressing to ulceration (Fig 1). As no improvement was observed with antibiotic treatment, histologic study was performed. Biopsy showed a lymphovascular invasive pattern compatible with lymphangiosarcoma. There was proliferation of spindle cells and multiple vascular spaces (Fig 2). Immunohistochemistry was positive for endothelial cell markers (vimentin, keratin, and CD34). After carefully evaluating the extent of the disease, including thoracic and abdominal computed tomography that showed no involvement of chest wall or visceral metastasis, radical surgery was performed followed by a reconstructive procedure.
Lymphangiosarcoma secondary to upper extremity edema following postmastectomy was first described by Stewart and Treves in 19481 and since then, this association has been called Stewart-Treves syndrome. Lymphangiosarcoma following breast cancer surgery is a rare entity. The incidence among white women in the United States is 1.6 of 100,000 and only 25% of these sarcomas are located in the upper extremity.2 Since the original description, approximately 300 cases of Stewart-Treves syndrome have been reported worldwide. The pathogenic mechanism of this syndrome is unknown, but several hypotheses have been postulated. As proliferation of lymphatic vessels is often seen in areas of affected edematous tissue,3 it has been suggested that the block of the lymphatics represent a stimuli for growth factors and cytokines and for, thus, a proliferation of vessels and lymphatics. The association between radiotherapy and chest wall sarcomas is well known,4 but it is unclear if radiation therapy contributes to this entity, since most reported postradiation sarcomas are not lymphangiosarcomas. Although postmastectomy is the main predisposing factor for lymphedema development, other factors such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease have been described.5 In our patient, the association of cardiovascular disease could contribute to the lymphedema. The prognosis of these tumors is poor and wide surgical resection is the treatment of choice.6 Although amputation is usually indicated with a curative intention, there is also a role for palliation in bleeding, fungation, and severe pain.7 The role of chemotherapy is not clear and the response rate in advanced disease is poor.8 Stewart-Treves Syndrome is a rare entity that must be taken into account when skin abnormalities appear in an edematous extremity secondary to primary breast cancer surgery, especially if postoperative radiotherapy was used. Early diagnosis and radical surgical treatment appear to confer the best chance for improved survival.Authors' Disclosures of Potential Conflicts of Interest
The authors indicated no potential conflicts of interest.
REFERENCES
----------------------------------------------------------
|
Lymphangiosarcoma
|
| Peter P. Sordillo, MD *, Robert Chapman, MD, Steven I. Hajdu, MD, Gordon B. Magill, MD, Robert B. Golbey, MD |
| Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cornell University School of Medicine, New York, New York |
*Correspondence to Peter P. Sordillo, Memorial Hospital, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| Abstract |
| Forty-four cases of lymphangiosarcoma treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were reviewed. With the exception of four patients with primary lymphangiosarcoma of the scalp, all patients had had chronic lymphedema of the involved limb for many years, usually following mastectomy for breast carcinoma, but occasionally due to other causes. Although chronic lymphedema could be implicated in the etiology of lymphangiosarcoma in all patients with neoplasms of an extremity, a significant number of patients did not have a history of radiation therapy at the site where their tumor developed. Histologically, although there were no differences in the lymphangio-sarcomas between any of the groups of patients, the morphology of the tumors was influenced in the individual patient by the size and anatomic site of the sarcoma. Early amputation seemed to give the best chance of long-term survival, with responses to wide resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy generally only of short duration. Amputation after local recurrence was ineffective in preventing pulmonary metastases and death. At present, early amputation appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with lymphangiosarcoma. |
----------------------------------------------------------
LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA
ON
CONGENITAL
LYMPHOEDEMA.
SOTO,
Jorge.,MD
ECHENIQUE-ELIZONDO,
Miguel, MD, FACS
Correspondence:
Echenique-Elizondo,
M., MD,FACS.
Associated
Professor of Surgery. Basque Country University. School of Medicine.
P.
Dr. Begiristain, 105
Phone.
+34-943-017319
E-mail. gepecelm@sc.ehu.es
Key
Words
Case
report:
A
31 years old white male complaining of congenital – familial form-
non previously treated lymphoedema
-
Milroy disease - was admitted with the aspect seen - Images
1,2,3 -. A biopsy
revealed
the presence of lymphangiosarcoma – Images 4,5,6 -.
No evidence of
metastatic disease was clinically evident. High AK amputation was
indicated and
performed followed by prosthetic extremity replacement. No
complementary
treatment was done. Patient is free of the disease three years after
operation
and no evidence recurrence has been noticed so far..
Lymphoedema
(1) may be primary or secondary to the presence of other disease and/or
to the
consequences of surgery or trauma (2).
Primary
lymphedema may be congenital –
Milroy´s disease – or may occur at any phase of life but it
most commonly
appears at puberty –
Meig’s disease -. Secondary lymphoedema is encountered
more often. The most prevalent worldwide cause of lymphoedema is filariasis,
which is particularly common in south-east Asia and Africa. In Western
countries
postsurgical lymphoedema of the extremity prevails. Complications of
chronic
limb lymphoedema include recurrent
cellulitis and lymphangiosarcoma albeit other
tumors such squamous-cell carcinoma (3,4),
b-cell lymphoma (5)
and angiosarcoma (6,7,8,9)
has been reported.
In
cases of long-lasting or congenital lymphoedema the finding of
ulceration,
violaceous nodules or papules,
or apparent traumatic
ecchymoses should act as a
diagnostic beacon warning of dangers. A case is reported of a
high-grade
lymphangiosarcoma developing in a patient with congenital hereditary
lymphoedema
(Milroy's disease) in a familial form (10). Hereditary lymphoedemas
that are not
associated with other malformations usually affect the lower limbs and
are
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. These non-syndromic
hereditary
lymphoedemas are categorized by their age of onset, being either
congenital
(Milroy disease) or having an onset in childhood or around puberty
(Meige
disease) (11). Development of lymphangiosarcoma
is usually
associated with
post-mastectomy lymphoedema, has been
described in late-onset hereditary lymphoedema. There is a high
incidence of
multiple primary tumors in association with lymphangiosarcoma in the
literature
(12).
Lymphangiosarcoma
is a rare, aggressive, vascular neoplasm arising in chronic congenital
or
acquired lymphedema. Although it is most frequently associated with
post-mastectomy lymphedema (Stewart-Treves's syndrome),
lymphangiosarcoma can
exceptionally arise in congenital hereditary lymphedema (11)(Milroy's
syndrome
and Meige's syndrome) and non-hereditary lymphoedema (congenital,
praecox or forme
tarde lymphoedemas) (13).
The
risk of appearance of lymphangiosarcoma following mastectomy and
radiation
therapy has been recently analyzed. Between 1954 and 1983, 7620
patients were
treated for breast carcinoma at Institut Gustave Roussy (France) (14).
Of these
patients, 6919 were followed for at least 1 year. Out of these, 11
presented
with sarcomas thought to be induced by irradiation, 2 of which were
Steward-Treves
Syndrome, and 9 of which were sarcomas within the irradiated fields.
All
histological slides were reviewed and a comparison with those of breast
cancer
was done. The sites of these sarcomas were: parietal wall, 1 case;
second costal
cartilage, 1 case; infraclavicular region, 1 case; supraclavicular
region, 2
cases; internal third of the clavicle, 2 cases; axillary region 2
cases; and the
internal side of the upper arm (Stewart-Treves syndrome), 2 cases. The
median
age of these 11 patients at the diagnosis of sarcomas was 65.8 (49-83).
The mean
latent period was 9.5 years (4-24). Three patients underwent radical
mastectomy
and nine modified radical mastectomy. Only one patient received
chemotherapy.
The radiation doses received at the site of the sarcoma were 45 Gy/18
fr. for 10
cases and 90-100 Gy for 1 case (due to overlapping between two fields).
The
histology was as follows: malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 5 cases; fibrosarcoma,
3 cases; lymphangiosarcoma, 2 cases; and osteochondrosarcoma,
1 case. The median
survival following diagnosis of sarcoma was 2.4 years (4 months-9
years). Two
patients are still alive: one with recurrence of her breast cancer, the
other in
complete remission, with 7 and 3 years follow-up, respectively. All
other
patients died from their sarcomas. The cumulative incidence of sarcoma
following
irradiation of breast cancer was 0.2% (0.09-0.47) at 10 years. The
standardized
incidence ratio (SIR) of sarcoma (observed n# of cases (Obs)/expected
n# of
cases (Exp) computed from the Danish Cancer Registry for the same
period) was
1.81 (CI 0.91-3.23). This is significantly higher than one, with a p =
0.03 (One
Tailed Exact Test). The mean annual excess (Obs-Exp)/100.000
person-years at
risk during the same period/(100,000) was 9.92. This study suggests
that
patients treated by radiation for breast cancer have a risk of
subsequent
sarcomas that is higher than the general population. However, the
benefit from
adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer exceeds
the risk of
second cancer; therefore, the potential of radiation-induced sarcomas
should not
be a factor in the selection of treatment for patients with breast
cancer.
Moreover,
we emphasized the importance of regular clinical controls in all
patients
affected by chronic lymphoedema (15,16). In fact, although the
prognosis of this
neoplasm is very poor, a prompt diagnosis and a rapid, ablative surgery
associated with radiation therapy can increase the possibility of
survival of
these patients (17,18). Chemotherapy with intraarterial mitoxantrone
and
placitaxel with ex vivo previous
sensitivity test seems a current adequate complementary approach (19).
http://www.sc.ehu.es/scrwwwsr/kirurgia/Kirurgia2003b/Linfangiosarcoma.htm
----------------------------------------------------------
Chronic lymphoedema and angiosarcoma.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999
Department of Dermatology, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital NHS Trust, UK.
Angiosarcoma has frequently been described arising within chronic lymphoedema of the upper limb following mastectomy and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. We report a case of angiosarcoma arising in a lymphoedematous leg that had been subjected to radiotherapy 20 years previously for Hodgkin's disease. The diagnosis was expedited once the patient noticed the development of bleeding nodules. Prognosis of angiosarcoma is poor with treatment options being wide-excision surgery, palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Unusual bruised areas or bleeding nodules developing within chronic lymphoedematous limbs should be biopsied to exclude the diagnosis.
----------------------------------------------------------
Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. m8701131@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare, extremely malignant vascular tumor. The optimum treatment for patients with CAS has not been defined because of its exremely rarity. As prognostic factors in patients with CAS, tumor less than 5 cm in size has a better prognosis. Although tumor differentiation in other sarcoma is an important prognostic factor, tumor differentiation in CAS is not a prognostic factor. CAS is thought as a collection of hemangiosarcoma,lymphangiosarcoma, tumors which cannot be classified as of vascular and lymphatic origin, or mixed tumor of both. Histogenesis of CAS have not been clarified yet. We tried to classify histogenesis by immunohistochemistry and evaluate the prognosis among histogeneses.
Using immunohistochemistry, we classified histogenesis of CAS in 20 patients who visited Osaka City University Hospital between 1998 and 2008.
From the results of immunohistochemical staining with CD34 and D2-40, histogenesis of CAS can be divided into vascular type (CD34 positive D2-40 negative), mixed type (CD34 positive D2-40 positive), and lymphatic type (CD34 negative D2-40 positive). Vascular type was found in 2 cases, mixed type in 5 cases, and lymphatic type in 13 cases. Survival rates were not significantly affected by histogenesis, however, survival rate of mixed type was better than those of others.
CAS can be divided into vascular type, mixed type, and lymphatic type based on immunohistochemistry. Because of a small group, we did not suggest that histogenesis of CAS was related with prognosis. We speculate that antiangiogenic agents might be important in the treatment based on histogeneses in CAS. In the future, further accumulation of chemotherapeutic cases might upgrade histogenesis classification as an important prognostic factor in the treatment of CAS.
PubMed
----------------------------------------------------------
Department of Surgery (Orthopedics), Aga Khan University Medical College P.O. Box 3500, Karachi-74800 Pakistan. jamalyasir@gmail.com
Lymphangiosarcoma following breast cancer is a relatively rare entity, with around 300 cases so far reported worldwide. Affecting the long term survivors of breast cancer, lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Traves Syndrome) has a high mortality rate. Since lympedema following radical mastectomy or axillary clearance and radiotherapy seems to be the main predisposing factor, further research regarding modifications in the surgical technique of axillary nodes dissection as well as the development of new chemotherapeutic agents effective in lymphangiosarcoma are required.
----------------------------------------------------------
Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01785.x/abstract
====================================
External Links
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
Excerpt from Stewart-Treves Syndrome
http://www.emedicine.com/derm/byname/stewart-treves-syndrome.htm
----------------------------------------------------------
Angiosarcoma in a Chronically Lymphedematous Leg: An Unusual
Presentation of
Stewart-Treves Syndrome
Posted
09/09/2003
Andrzej L. Komorowski, MD, Wojciech M. Wysocki, MD, Jerzy Mitus, MD, PHD
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/460522_1
----------------------------------------------------------
Lymphangiosarcoma
of the pubic region: a rare complication arising in congenital
non-hereditary
lymphedema.
Cerri A, Gianni C, Corbellino M, Pizzuto M, Moneghini L,
Crosti C.
----------------------------------------------------------
Lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome) in postmastectomy patients.
http://www.jhandsurg.org/article/S0363-5023(00)65102-X/abstract
----------------------------------------------------------
European Journal of Dermatology
---------------------------------------------------------
Diagnostic Images
Google Images
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=lymphangiosarcoma&gbv=2
================================================
Lymphedema
People Cancer Information Pages
Cervical, ovarian Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=152
Kidney and Renal Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=150
Hodgkins Disease or
Hodgkins Lymphoma
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=149
Gynecological Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=977
Leg Lemphedema After
Gynecological Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=979
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=641
Skin Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=278
Testicular Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=153
Primary Lymphedema and
Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=277
Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=147
Cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=146
My Life with Lymphedema
and Lymphoma
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=my_life_with_lymphedema_and_lymphoma
Lymphedema Affects
Quality of Life
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=980
Angiosarcoma and Long
Term Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=564
Colon Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_colon_cancer.htm
Prostate Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_prostate_cancer.htm
Melanoma
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_melanoma.htm
Male Breast Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_male_breast_cancer.htm
Leg Swelling
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/leg_swelling.htm
Arm Swelling
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/arm_swelling.htm
Swelling
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/swelling.htm
Breast Cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_breast_cancer.htm
Lymphedema After Cancer -
How Serious Is It?
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_after_cancer_-_how_serious_is_it
Secondary Lymphedema in
the Cancer Patient
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=secondary_lymphedema_in_the_cancer_patient
Complications of Breast
Cancer Radiotherapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=complications_of_breast_cancer_radiotherapy
Complete decongestive
therapy lymphedema in
breast cancer
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=792
Patient self-massage for
breast cancer-related
lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=332
Predictive Factors of
Response to Intensive
Decongestive Physiotherapy in Upper Limb Lymphedema After Breast Cancer
Treatment: a Cohort Study
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=283
Lymphedema Therapy and
the Quality of Life for
Breast Cancer Patients
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_therapy_and_the_quality_of_life_for_breast_cancer_patients
Cancer Associated with
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=cancer_associated_with_lymphedema
Pseudolymphomatous
Cutaneous Angiosarcoma: A
Rare Variant of Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Readily Mistaken for Cutaneous
Lymphoma.
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=1178
Lymphomatoid Papulosis
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=265
Papillomatosis cutis
carcinoides
Related Terms: Verrucous Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma,
Epithelioma
cuniculatum, Carcinoma cuniculatum
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=108
Cutaneous lymphomas assoc
with
lymphoproliferative disorders
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=992
Aqua Lymphatic Therapy
for Postsurgical Breast
Cancer Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=aqua_therapy_for_postsurgical_breast_cancer_arm_lymphedema
Sporadic Cutaneous
Angiosarcomas
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=1265
Axillary node biopsy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=axillary_node_biopsy
Sentinel Node Biopsy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=sentinel_node_biopsy
Small Needle Biopsy -
Fine Needle Aspiration
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=small_needle_biopsy
Extraperitoneal
para-aortic lymph node
dissection (EPLND)
also includes (1) Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection and (2)
Laparoscopic
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=extraperitoneal_para-aortic_lymph_node_dissection_eplnd
Lymphoscintigraphy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphoscintigraphy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=magnetic_resonance_imaging
Cancer Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=36
Skin Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=42
================================================
Lymphedema People Online Support Groups
MEN WITH LYMPHEDEMA
If you are a man with
lymphedema; a man with a loved one
with lymphedema who you are trying to help and understand come join us
and
discover what it is to be the master instead of the sufferer of
lymphedema.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/menwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: menwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
Pat O'Connor
================================================
Join us as we work for lymphedema patients everywehere:
Advocates for Lymphedema
Dedicated to be an advocacy group for lymphedema patients. Working towards education, legal reform, changing insurance practices, promoting research, reaching for a cure.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/AdvocatesforLymphedema/
| Subscribe: | AdvocatesforLymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com |
Pat O'Connor
Lymphedema People / Advocates for Lymphedema
================================================
For information about Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema\
For Information about Lymphedema Complications
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=complications_of_lymphedema
For Lymphedema Personal Stories
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=3
For information about How to Treat a Lymphedema Wound
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=how_to_treat_a_lymphedema_wound
For information about Lymphedema Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
For information about Exercises for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=exercises_for_lymphedema
For information on Infections Associated with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=infections_associated_with_lymphedema
For information on Lymphedema in Children
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_in_children
===================================================
Lymphedema Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:listing
===================================================
Lymphedema People
Online Support Groups
================================================
Join us as we work for lymphedema patients everywehere:
Advocates for Lymphedema
Dedicated to be an advocacy group for lymphedema patients. Working towards education, legal reform, changing insurance practices, promoting research, reaching for a cure.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/AdvocatesforLymphedema/
| Subscribe: | AdvocatesforLymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com |
Pat O'Connor
Lymphedema People / Advocates for Lymphedema
================================================
Children
with Lymphedema
The time has come for families, parents, caregivers to have a support
group of
their own. Support group for parents, families and caregivers of
chilren with
lymphedema. Sharing information on coping, diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis.
Sponsored by Lymphedema People.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/childrenwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: childrenwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
Lipedema
Lipodema Lipoedema
No matter how you spell it, this is another very little understood and
totally
frustrating conditions out there. This will be a support group for
those
suffering with lipedema/lipodema. A place for information, sharing
experiences,
exploring treatment options and coping.
Come join, be a part of the family!
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/lipedema_lipodema_lipoedema/?yguid=209645515
Subscribe: lipedema_lipodema_lipoedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
MEN WITH LYMPHEDEMA
If you are a man with
lymphedema; a man with a loved
one with lymphedema who you are trying to help and understand come join
us and
discover what it is to be the master instead of the sufferer of
lymphedema.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/menwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: menwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
All
About Lymphangiectasia
Support group for parents, patients, children who suffer from all forms
of
lymphangiectasia. This condition is caused by dilation of the
lymphatics. It can
affect the intestinal tract, lungs and other critical body areas.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/allaboutlymphangiectasia/
Subscribe: allaboutlymphangiectasia-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
Lymphatic
Disorders Support Group @ Yahoo Groups
While we have a number of support groups for lymphedema... there is
nothing out
there for other lymphatic disorders. Because we have one of the most
comprehensive information sites on all lymphatic disorders, I thought
perhaps,
it is time that one be offered.
DISCRIPTION
Information and support for rare and unusual disorders affecting the
lymph
system. Includes lymphangiomas, lymphatic malformations,
telangiectasia,
hennekam's syndrome, distichiasis, Figueroa
syndrome, ptosis syndrome, plus many more. Extensive database of
information
available through sister site Lymphedema People.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/lymphaticdisorders/
Subscribe: lymphaticdisorders-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
lPage Updated Jan. 5, 2012