LYMPHEDEMA AND KINESIO TAPING
==============
My Opinion
Kinesio Taping (R) has swept around the world as a new and exciting treatment option for many conditions, including lymphedema. Differents types of taping has long been used and proven effective in the treatment of various sports injuries.
The concept behind this claims that by lifting the skin and by the stretching of the tape during body movements, lymphatic flow is improved. I have even read posts where lymphedema patients claim it has helped.
Originally, I must admit to having doubts about the effectiveness of Kinesio Taping. Since I first posted this well over a year ago, we have had many patients in our various support groups try it with their therapist. Ages range from small children to adults in their fifties. I have been turned around in my thinking and from what everyone has reported, I would have to give this a thumbs up.
Manual lymph drainage (MLD) has been proven very effective because it is a massage therapy that gently applies pressure to move fluids out of swollen limbs to where the remaining lymphatics can remove it. It seems kinesio taping in conjunction with MLD can produce good results.
My concern is in possible skin damage to lymphedema patients by the application of the adhesive and glues that hold these tapes in place. From late stage one thru stage three, the skin of a lymphedema patient becomes more delicate, prone to damage,cracking and opening up with draining wounds. This is serious as skin damage leads to infections, skin grafts and further lymphatic destruction. So work with your therapist and determine if it would be safe on your individual skin.
The only clinical study I found regarding Kinesio Taping (R) was in relation to sports injury and in it they found no differance in the healing of an ankle injury between the taped and nontaped groups. This study was conducted by people who were initially excited and supportive of this taping procedure.
Originally published in the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine the study is available on the link below (1)
(04/22/08)
Dec. 26, 2011
Since this page was originally written, Kinesio Taping has continued to receive top reviews from patients and therapists alike. Further more, the number of studies showing its possibe use with other medical conditions has skyrocketed.
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What is Kinesio(R) Taping?
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Kinesio tape has an elastic quality that differs from athletic tape. It allows free movement without restriction while providing support and reducing muscle fatigue. It is helpful in reducing pain and edema through the stretching of muscle and soft tissue as well as improved lymphatic flow. Four Major Functions of Kinesio Tape:
Kinesio tape can be placed on any part of the body and therapists at Excel Rehab have had success in treating patients with the following diagnoses:
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1. Where did the word "Kinesio" come from?
The name comes from the science of Kinesiology, because the taping method and tape allows the body and muscles to move while it assists in rehabilitation.
2. What does Kinesio Taping® and tape do?
Kinesio Taping® Method is applied over muscles to reduce pain & inflammation, relax overused tired muscles, and to support muscles in movement on a 24hr/day basis. It is not a restrictive type of taping, and allows for full range of motion. In contrast, traditional sports' taping is wrapped around a joint strictly for stabilization and support during a sporting event. Kinesio® tape is used for a wide range of problems. Examples include: carpal tunnel syndrome, lower back strain/pain, subluxations, herniated disc, knee conditions, shoulder conditions,sports injuries, etc.
3. Why is Kinesio® Tape so much more accepted than other tapes?
It has a number of benefits that are not achievable with other tapes. It has One Hundred Percent High Grade Cotton - for comfort and breathing, One Hundred and Forty Per Cent Elastic - same flexibility as human skin and muscles, Heat Activated Adhesive - although very light, mild and hypo-allergenic Latex Free, Air Circulation Waves - to channel out sweat and water and enhance skin breathing, Durable - average usage 3-4 days per application, More Economical - usually 6-7 applications per roll of tape.
4. Is it the tape or the technique that gives such great results?
Without a doubt, the technique is the most unique, however, the full benefits were not possible until Kinesio® tape was developed. The taping method requires a tape that is patient and skin friendly, possesses optimum elastic qualities, the same thickness as the skin, and is durable enough to stay on multiple days even through persperaton, sweat and showers.
5. How is the tape applied?
Without getting too technical, the tape is applied over the affected area with the muscles in a stretched position. Then the tape is applied from one end of the muscle to the other with very little stretch of the tape. The tape is applied from the ORIGIN to INSERTION of the muscle for SUPPORT and from INSERTION to ORIGIN for REHAB.
6. What are the concerns or difficulties with Kinesio Taping® (Trouble Shooting)?
A.) Skin needs to be free of oil, sweat, or lotion prior to application
B.) After application rub down tape to activate heat sensitive glue
C.) Avoid extreme stretching of the tape during application to avoid skin irritation
D.) Apply approx. 1 hr prior to activity or shower to allow glue to adhere properly
E.) Skin irritation is extremely rare, but special care should be taken with hypersensitive skin patients.
Alternative Therapy Clinic
http://www.ahealthyway.net/kinesiotape/kinesiofaq.htm
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The Effects of Kinesio Taping on ankle proprioception (1)
www20.uludag.edu.tr/~hakan/sbtd/vol3/n1/1/v3n1-1pdf.pdf
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External Links:
This page is an excellent source of information for lymphedema patients:
StepUp SpeakOut
http://www.stepup-speakout.org/kinsiotaping_for_lymphedema.htm
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http://www.springerlink.com/content/rj23h37132173n21/
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174125/?tool=pubmed
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http://iospress.metapress.com/content/v0195444035012v8/
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430611
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http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09638288.2011.560331
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PubMed page with additional links for further information
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=kinesio%20taping
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Kinesio Taping Association Website
The Kinesio Taping® Method has taken the Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine world by storm. This amazing taping method was developed by Dr. Kenzo Kase over 25 years ago in Japan. Kinesio Taping® has quickly become the gold, or should we say "platinum" standard, for therapeutic rehabilitative taping. The proprietary method of taping uses a uniquely designed and patented tape for treatment of muscular disorders and lymphedema reduction.
The Kinesio Taping® Method involves taping over and around muscles in order to assist and give support or to prevent over-contraction. The first technique gives the practitioner the opportunity to actually give support while maintaining full range of motion. This enables the individual to participate in their normal physical activity with functional assistance. The second technique, which is most commonly used in the acute stage of rehabilitation, helps prevent overuse or over-contraction and helps provide facilitation of lymph flow for an entire 24 hour period. Correctional techniques include mechanical, lymphatic, ligament/tendon, fascia, space and functional. Kinesio Tex® Tape can be used in conjunction with other therapies, including cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, massage therapy, and electrical stimulation.
===========================Abstracts and Studies:
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Effect of Kinesio Taping on bioelectrical activity of vastus medialis muscle. Preliminary report.
Nov 2007
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Effect of Kinesio taping on muscle strength in athletes-a pilot study
April 2008
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The effect of kinesio taping on lower trunk range of motions.
Apr-June 2007
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Kinesio taping in stroke: improving functional use of the upper extremity in hemiplegia
Summer 2006
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Pilot study: investigating the effects of Kinesio Taping in an acute pediatric rehabilitation setting.
Jan-Feb 2006
=======================================================
Clinical Trial:
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Treatment
of Lymphedema:
Application of the Kinesio Taping
This
study is currently recruiting
participants.
Verified by National Taiwan University
Hospital, August 2004
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Sponsored by: |
National
Taiwan University Hospital |
|
Information provided by: |
National Taiwan University Hospital |
|
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: |
NCT00155220 |
Date First Received: September 8, 2005
Last Updated: January 25, 2006
Official Title: “Treatment of Lymphedema- Application of the Kinesio Taping”
Condition Keyword(s):
Lymphedema
Intervention(s)
Device: Low Stretch Bandage and Kinesio Tape
There are 2 parts to this study
First part: - Reliability of water displacement, circumference, tonometer. - Effect of taping: lifting effect measured with sonography - Effect of taping: peripheral circulation measured with DRT4
Second part: - Effects of different intervention models including decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) and modified DLT
Study Type: Interventional
Study Design: Treatment, Randomized, Single Blind, Active Control, Parallel Assignment
First part:
To investigate the reliability study of water displacement and circumference measurement and the change in thickness of subcutaneous space measured by sonography and blood flow measured by DRT4 in normal subjects after applying K-tape.
Second part:
The incidence of breast carcinoma is in the second place in women in Taiwan. Lymphedema is a common complication after treatment of breast carcinoma; it will lead not only to cosmetic problems but is also uncomfortable, and causes functional limitation for patients. The common management for lymphedema is decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) including skin care, manual lymph drainage, remedial exercises and compression therapies. At present, all possible compression therapies for lymphedema have limitations. Patients have poor compliance in using short-stretch bandage and compression garments due to the climate in Taiwan. Applying kinesio tape (K-tape) became a new treatment method in physical therapy; the inventor Dr. Kase claimed that the K-tape can improve circulation and remove congestion. Besides, it demonstrated good therapeutic effects in clinical application. However, there are few studies to show the clinical effects of K-tape. This restricts the further application of K-tape.
Following the previous study, the purpose is to compare the effects among traditional DLT, modified DLT which replaces bandage with K-tape, and DLT combined K-tape in patients with lymphedema.
A randomized control study will be executed. Sixty patients with post-mastectomy lymphedema will be randomly grouped into taping, bandage and mixed groups. Each subject will go through 4 weeks of a control period, 4 weeks of an intervention period, and followed by 3 months of an observation period. The evaluation items include physical therapy assessment, the severity of swelling, such as arm circumference, volume of water displacement, related symptoms, the upper extremity function and quality of life. The evaluation will be executed 4 weeks before the interventions (start of control period), before the intervention (start of intervention period), after a 4 week intervention and 3 months after the intervention to compare the effects among 3 kinds of treatment. Subjects in each group will receive treatments including skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, pneumatic compression therapy and exercise during the intervention period; the taping group’s patients will receive additional K-tape treatment; the mixed group’s patients will receive K-tape combined bandage treatment. Each group will be treated 2 hours/time, 5 times/week; the entire course will take 4 weeks.
Primary:
Secondary:
Exclusion Criteria:
Lead Sponsor: National Taiwan University Hospital
School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
Taipei Taiwan
Jau-Yih Tsauo, PhD Study Chair NTUH
Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on April 22, 2008
Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00155220
Study ID Number: 9261701436
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00155220
Health Authority: Taiwan: Department of Health
Clinical Trials content is provided directly by the U.S. National Institutes of Health via ClinicalTrials.gov and is not reviewed separately by ClinicalTrialsFeeds.org. Every page of specific clinical trials information contains a unique identifier which can be used to find further details directly from the National Institutes of Health.
====
Purpose
There are 2 parts to this study.
First part:
Reliability of water displacement, circumference, tonometer.
Effect of taping: lifting effect measured with sonography
Effect of taping: peripheral circulation measured with DRT4
Second part:
Effects of different intervention models including decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) and modified DLT
The following information as quoted comes from the "ChiroCode DeskBook 18th Edition 2010." The Kinesio Taping Association can not guarantee that the use of these codes will result in payment. It
is the responsibility of the Practitioner to bill appropriately for
services and to check with Medicare or other healthcare insurance
companies if there are questions. Reimbursement results will vary with regards to the state the practitioner is in and the insurance companies dealt with.
For more information, please visit www.chirocode.com/2010deskbook
CPT Reimbursement Options for the Kinesio Taping Method
2010 Top Suggested Billing Code:
97112 - Neuro-Muscular Re-Education (this code can apply to any taping option)
Neuro-Muscular
Re-Education of movement, balance, coordination, kinesthetic sense,
posture, and/or proprioception for sitting and/or standing activities,
1 or more areas, each 15 minutes.
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .83
RVU data includes: work time, 18 min. / supplies, $1.75
Other Therapeutic Procedure codes that may be appropriate:
97110 - Therapeutic Procedure/Exercise one or more areas
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .79
RVU data includes: work time, 18 min. / supplies, $1.75
97116 - Gait Training
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .70
RVU data includes: work time, 15 min. / supplies, $1.18
97139 - Unlisted Therapeutic Procedure
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .42
97140 - Manual Therapy Techniques
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .74
RVU data includes: work time, 15 min. / supplies, $1.30
97533 - Sensory Integrative Techniques to enhance sensor processing and promote adaptive responses to environmental demands
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .74
RVU data includes: work time, 23 min. / supplies, $2.18
97799 - Unlisted Physical Medicine/Rehabilitation service or procedure
RVU 2010 CodeBook: ncci .NE
For additional codes, see:
http://www.kinesiotaping.com/kinesio/codes.html
============================
Index of articles for Lymphedema Treatment :
=====
Lymphedema Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
........
Acupuncture Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_acupuncture_treatment.htm
Aqua Therapy for Postsurgical Breast Cancer Arm Lymphedema
Aqua Therapy in Managing Lower Extremity Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=aqua_therapy_in_managing_lower_extremity_lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=artificial_lymph_nodes
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=artificial_lymphatic_system
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=auricular_therapy
Compression Bandages for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=compression_bandages_for_lymphedema
Benzopyrones Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_benzopyrones_treatmen.htm
Chi Machine
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_the_chi_machine.htm
Complex Decongestive Therapy
Compression Garments Stockings for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=compression_garments_stockings_for_lymphedema
Compression Pumps for Lymphedema Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=compression_pumps_for_lymphedema_treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=deep_oscillation_therapy
Diuretics are not for lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=diuretics_are_not_for_lymphedema
Endermologie Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_endermologie_therapy.htm
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=farrow_wrap
Flexitouch Device - Initial Observations
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=155
Flexitouch Device for Arm Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=273
Homeopathy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_homeopathy.htm
How to Choose a Lymphedema Therapist
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=how_to_choose_a_lymphedema_therapist
Kinesio Taping (R)
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_kinesio_taping.htm
Kinesiology Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_kinesiology_therapy.htm
Laser Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_laser_treatment.htm
Laser Treatment - Sara's Experience
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_laser_treatment_saras_experience.htm
Light Beam Generator Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_light_beam_generator_therapy.htm
Liposuction Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_liposuction_treatment.htm
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=114
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymph_node_transplant
Lymphedema Treatment Programs Canada
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_treatment_programs_canada.htm
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_sleeves
Lymphedema Surgeries
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_surgeries.htm
Lymphedema Treatments are Poorly Utilized
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_treatments_are_poorly_utilized.htm
Lymphobiology
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_lymphobiology.htm
Magnetic Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_magnetic_therapy.htm
Mesotherapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=mesotherapy
Microsurgeries
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_microsurgery.htm
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=202
Reflexology Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_reflexology_therapy.htm
Short Stretch Bandages
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=short_stretch_bandages_for_lymphedema
Surgeries
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_surgeries.htm
Wholistic Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_wholistic_treatment.htm
Treatment Information for Lymphedema Forum
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=8
Why Compression Pumps cause Complications with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=327
===========================
Join us as we work for lymphedema patients everywehere:
Advocates for Lymphedema
Dedicated to be an advocacy group for lymphedema patients. Working towards education, legal reform, changing insurance practices, promoting research, reaching for a cure.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/AdvocatesforLymphedema/
| Subscribe: | AdvocatesforLymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com |
Pat O'Connor
Lymphedema People / Advocates for Lymphedema
===========================
For information about Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema\
For Information about Lymphedema Complications
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=complications_of_lymphedema
For Lymphedema Personal Stories
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=3
For information about How to Treat a Lymphedema Wound
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=how_to_treat_a_lymphedema_wound
For information about Lymphedema Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
For information about Exercises for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=exercises_for_lymphedema
For information on Infections Associated with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=infections_associated_with_lymphedema
For information on Lymphedema in Children
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_in_children
Lymphedema Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:listing
===========================
Lymphedema People - Support Groups
-----------------------------------------------
Children
with Lymphedema
The time has come for families, parents, caregivers to have a support
group of
their own. Support group for parents, families and caregivers of
chilren with
lymphedema. Sharing information on coping, diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis.
Sponsored by Lymphedema People.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/childrenwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: childrenwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
Lipedema
Lipodema Lipoedema
No matter how you spell it, this is another very little understood and
totally
frustrating conditions out there. This will be a support group for
those
suffering with lipedema/lipodema. A place for information, sharing
experiences,
exploring treatment options and coping.
Come join, be a part of the family!
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/lipedema_lipodema_lipoedema/?yguid=209645515
Subscribe: lipedema_lipodema_lipoedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
MEN WITH LYMPHEDEMA
If you are a man with
lymphedema; a man with a loved one with lymphedema who you are trying
to help
and understand come join us and discover what it is to be the master
instead of
the sufferer of lymphedema.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/menwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: menwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
All
About Lymphangiectasia
Support group for parents, patients, children who suffer from all forms
of
lymphangiectasia. This condition is caused by dilation of the
lymphatics. It can
affect the intestinal tract, lungs and other critical body areas.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/allaboutlymphangiectasia/
Subscribe: allaboutlymphangiectasia-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
Lymphatic
Disorders Support Group @ Yahoo Groups
While we have a number of support groups for lymphedema... there is
nothing out
there for other lymphatic disorders. Because we have one of the most
comprehensive information sites on all lymphatic disorders, I thought
perhaps,
it is time that one be offered.
DISCRIPTION
Information and support for rare and unusual disorders affecting the
lymph
system. Includes lymphangiomas, lymphatic malformations,
telangiectasia,
hennekam's syndrome, distichiasis, Figueroa
syndrome, ptosis syndrome, plus many more. Extensive database of
information
available through sister site Lymphedema People.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/lymphaticdisorders/
Subscribe: lymphaticdisorders-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
Lymphedema People New Wiki Pages
Have
you seen our new
“Wiki” pages yet? Listed
below
are just a sample of the more than 140 pages now listed in our Wiki
section. We
are also working on hundred more.
Come
and take a stroll!
Lymphedema
Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:listing
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema
Arm
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=arm_lymphedema
Leg
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=leg_lymphedema
Acute
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=acute_lymphedema
The
Lymphedema Diet
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=the_lymphedema_diet
Exercises
for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=exercises_for_lymphedema
Diuretics
are not for
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=diuretics_are_not_for_lymphedema
Lymphedema
People Online
Support Groups
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_people_online_support_groups
Lipedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lipedema
Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
Lymphedema
and Pain
Management
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_and_pain_management
Manual
Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) and Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT)
Infections
Associated with
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=infections_associated_with_lymphedema
How
to Treat a Lymphedema
Wound
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=how_to_treat_a_lymphedema_wound
Fungal
Infections Associated
with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=fungal_infections_associated_with_lymphedema
Lymphedema
in Children
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_in_children
Lymphoscintigraphy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphoscintigraphy
Magnetic
Resonance Imaging
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=magnetic_resonance_imaging
Extraperitoneal
para-aortic lymph node dissection (EPLND)
Axillary
node biopsy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=axillary_node_biopsy
Sentinel
Node Biopsy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=sentinel_node_biopsy
Small
Needle Biopsy - Fine Needle Aspiration
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=small_needle_biopsy
Magnetic
Resonance Imaging
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=magnetic_resonance_imaging
Lymphedema
Gene FOXC2
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_gene_foxc2
Lymphedema Gene VEGFC
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_gene_vegfc
Lymphedema Gene SOX18
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_gene_sox18
Lymphedema
and
Pregnancy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_and_pregnancy
Home page: Lymphedema People
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com
Page Updated: Dec. 26, 2011