ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT AND LYMPHEDEMA
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My Personal Opinion - Acupuncture and Lymphedema
It is rare that in this website I offer my own personal opinion on a
treatment
option. Usually I give the information for my readers to draw their own
conclusions based on the evidence provided.
However, there is one treatment that is beginning to be used for
lymphedema
that
I feel so strongly about, I must comment.
Dangers with Acupuncture and Lymphedema
1. The many holes put into your leg offers a wide open gate to
potentially life threatening
infection.
Bacteria
will have many access points to inside your
lymphedema limb. Each one of these hole can become a prime septic
foci for a bacterial infection.
We
must remember that a limb with lymphedema is an immunodeficient
limb, in others words the entire
immune
response mechanism in that a limb is
effected. This makes us especially susceptible to infections
such as cellulitis,
lymphangitis, lymphadenitis,
impetigo
and erysipelas.
Each infection also causes more damage to the remaining lymphatics.
2. The
lymphorrea
(fluid) that is drained by this action has disastrous
effects
on your skin.
The fluid is very caustic and can cause severe deterioration of
the dermal layers. Skin breakdown from this fluid is a very real danger.
3. This is only a crude stop-gap treatment method. Without proper
wrapping and
garment use, the fluid will simply re-collect.
4. There is no uniform standard rules or laws throughout the United States that govern acupuncture. Nor are there laws regulating training, sanitation requirement or licensing. You are pretty much on your own when selecting an acupuncture therapist.
You must also have treatment and a self-management program of exercises, compression garments, and/or compression bandages that will prevent the accumulation of fluid.
Update April 15, 2008
It is interesting that having been challenged on the efficacy of using acupuncture for lymphedema, practioners are now claiming it is safe because the needles do not pierce the skin deeply or don't even have to be used in the area effected by lymphedema. However, a dermal opening is still an opening whether or not it is in the lymphedematous limb.. Bacteria can still enter.
Four years after this page first came out, I stand firm in my opinion the acupuncture has no place in the treatment of lymphedema.
Finally,
in the past year there
have been interesting articles written, by Chinese doctors, themselves,
urging a
tightening up of the methodology and control. This is the
weak area of
research in attempting to verify the over-all efficacy of acupuncture
in the
treatment of many medical conditions it claims to help.
Please before you even begin to try this treatment, consider well the
consequences.
Pat O'Connor - Lymphedema
People
As of this update of Jan. 3, 2012, I have yet to find additional evidence that acupuncture is valuable (or safe in the long term) forlymphedema. My position, therefore has remained the same as I previously stated and urge anyone considering this for their lymphedema to look carefully at what you do. Don't be taken in by any acupuncturist site. Deman independent evidence.
From Acupuncture.com:
The first record of Acupuncture is found in the 4,700 year old Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine). This is said to be the oldest medical textbook in the world. It is said to have been written down from even earlier theories by Shen Nung, the father of Chinese Medicine. Shen Nung documented theories about circulation, pulse, and the heart over 4,000 years before European medicine had any concept about them.
As the basis of Acupuncture, Shen Nung theorized that the body had an energy force running throughout it. This energy force is known as Qi (roughly pronounced Chee). The Qi consists of all essential life activities which include the spiritual, emotional, mental and the physical aspects of life. A person's health is influenced by the flow of Qi in the body, in combination with the universal forces of Yin and Yang .
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There are many different styles of acupuncture. Practitioners of Acupuncture Physical Medicine (APM) palpate the body (examine the body by touch) to locate reactive areas and myofascial (muscular) constrictions. Points are selected and stimulated to relieve symptomatic areas based on the relationships of meridian acupuncture theory. Practitioners trained in APM also locate and deactivate “trigger points” using an advanced needling technique. Triggers points are extremely common in pain conditions and cause referred pain and other symptoms of dysfunction in nearly everyone’s life at one time or another.
Electro-Acupuncture
Electro0-Acupuncture is the use of small electrical currents through th acupuncture needles. Electro-stimulation is often used in conjunction with acupuncture to enhance treatment. Electroc-acupuncture has been demonstrated to decrease pain, accelerate tissue healing and significantly reduce inflammation, edema and/or swelling.
Auricular (or ear) acupuncture targets points on the outer ear, using either needles or electro acupunctoscopes to help relieve the complaint. Each acupoint on the ear, when treated, triggers electrical impulses, from the ear, via the brain, to the specific area of the body that is being treated.
Five-Element Acupuncture is an ancient form of acupuncture that treats the mind, body, heart, and spirit. The five elements are fire, earth, metal, water and wood, which correspond to emotions that must remain in balance in order to maintain health. A practitioner using this technique assesses factors such as skin color, vocal sound, body odor, emotional state, and pulse, using the information gathered to diagnose and treat the imbalance.
Japanese acupuncture is a form of acupuncture in which a practitioner uses touch to diagnose ailments and to find the exact location of the relevant acupuncture point. Once the correct points are located, the practitioner uses a guiding tube to shallowly insert very thin needles. Japanese acupuncture is often accompanied by direct moxibustion, the warming of acupoints by burning moxa, a substance derived from the wormwood plant.
Korean acupuncture is a form of acupuncture that integrates techniques from traditional Chinese acupuncture, Japanese acupuncture, and five-element acupuncture. Practitioners make a diagnosis by assessing your "basic constitution," or body type. In Korean hand acupuncture, a subtype of Korean acupuncture generally, the hand is seen as a microcosm of the body, and practitioners can assess and address conditions anywhere on a patient's boy simply by applying treatment to the hands.
Traditional Chinese acupuncture is the form of acupuncture in which the plurality of practitioners are trained, and it remains the most widely practiced form. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the human body is filled with lines or channels through which the energy of the body flows. These channels function as points of entry into the body, called acupuncture points. Acupuncture is the practice of inserting fine sterile stainless steel needles into these points to remove blockages and imbalances in the body's energy flow. Removing these blockages allows energy and blood to circulate smoothly throughout the body, stimulating the body to heal itself.
Trigger
point acupuncture is a form of acupuncture that targets tight or
knotted muscles, also known as trigger points. The practitioner uses
touch to locate muscular tightness, then inserts an ultra-thin,
single-use acupuncture needle into the suspect muscle and gently
probes. This produces localized involuntary twitching, which fatigues
the tight muscle and reduces tightness.
The Health Professsional Directory (Different types)
What is Acupuncture?
It is an ancient Chinese form of medicine that the technique of inserting thin needles through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms. It is a type of complementary and alternative medicine.
Acupuncture as defined by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is the practice of inserting thin needles into specific body points to improve health and well-being. It originated in China more than 2,000 years ago. American practices of acupuncture use medical traditions from China, Japan, Korea and other countries. In the United States, the best-known type involves putting hair-thin, metallic needles in your skin.
With lymphedema patients, it also is used as a method of draining the accumulated fluids in a lymphovenous limb.
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NATIONAL LYMPHEDEMA NETWORK
Question Corner
From July-September 1998 NLN Newsletter
Addressed by Judith Casley-Smith, PhD, MD
Q: In February 1998, I had a
lumpectomy with
lymph node removal. When necessary,
I have used acupuncture successfully for the past 15 years. I have been
told not
to do this anymore, but I'm not sure I understand why, since the
acupuncturist
washes down the area with alcohol, uses sterile needles which are then
discarded
and washes the area a second time after treatment. I get the feeling my
doctor
just doesn't believe in acupuncture and this might be the reason for
his feel-feelings
on the subject. Is acupuncture really contraindicated for lymphedema
patients
and, if so, why?
A: This question brings another question to mind. Have you been having
the
acupuncture in the affected limb? If the acupuncture has been in the
affected
limb, then we would advise a patient to stay away from any potential
needle
sticks in spite of the best-intended sterile technique. If the needle
stick of
the acupuncture is in a remote part of the body, then the likelihood of
infection
to the affected limb certainly lessens, but does not completely go
away. I would say acupuncture is contraindicated for lymphedema
patients -
certainly in the affected limb - and alternate modes of therapy should
be tried
before subjecting oneself to acupuncture generally when lymphedema is
present.
Those few patients who have tried it have reported no benefit or
reduction in
the lymphedema.
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http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69111.cfm
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Summary
Acupuncture can mask symptoms of cancer and tumour progression. It is not safe to use such a therapy without full knowledge of the clinical stage of the disease, and the current status of orthodox therapy.
Contraindications to acupuncture needling include an unstable spine, severe clotting disorder, neutropenia and lymphoedema. Whilst semi-permanent needles are used increasingly in symptom control and pain management they should not be used in patients with valvular heart disease or in vulnerable neutropenic patients.
Acupuncture has an increasing role in support for pain and symptom management, but patients should not be advised to abandon conventional treatments in favour of complementary or alternative therapies alone, and should not have their hopes raised inappropriately, or have any guilt projected on to them for the cause of their cancer.
Key
Words
Acupuncture, palliative medicine, adverse events, safety.
Jacqueline
Filshie, Consultant in anaesthetics and pain
management
Royal Marsden Hospitals, London & Surrey
Honorary senior lecturer, Institute of Cancer Research
Correspondence:
jJacqueline.filshie@btinternet.com
http://aim.bmj.com/content/19/2/117.full.pdf
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Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1429 First Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. Cassileth@mskcc.org
Lymphoedema is a distressing problem affecting many women after breast cancer surgery. There is no cure and existing treatments are marginally beneficial, rarely reducing arm swelling in any meaningful way. Needling and even lifting of objects using the affected arm has been prohibited, but our clinical experience and that of others suggested that acupuncture was safe and that it might be a useful treatment for lymphoedema.
We sought to conduct a pilot study of the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture in women diagnosed with chronic lymphoedema for at least 6 months and less than 5 years.
Women with chronic lymphoedema (affected arm with >2 cm circumference than unaffected arm) after breast cancer surgery received acupuncture twice a week for 4 weeks. Response was defined as at least a 30% reduction in the difference in size between the affected and unaffected arms. Monthly follow-up calls for 6 months following treatment were made to obtain information about side effects.
Study goals were met after nine subjects were treated: four women showed at least a 30% reduction in the extent of lymphoedema at 4 weeks when compared with their respective baseline values. No serious adverse events occurred during or after 73 treatment sessions. Limitations This pilot study requires a larger, randomised follow-up investigation plus enquiries into possible mechanisms. Both are in development by our group.
Acupuncture appears safe and may reduce lymphoedema associated with breast cancer surgery.
*Editor's Note: There still needs to be more research on the long terms results and its effect onlymphedema and any complilcations that arise from using it. Pat O'Connor
http://aim.bmj.com/content/29/3/170.long
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Current situations about studies on the evaluation of clinical efficacy of acupuncture
Feb 2011
Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture scientifically and objectively is a major issue for the development of acupuncture medicine. Although some progresses have already been gained in the research of the evaluation of clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture at present, some problems as empirical evaluation method, following evaluation indexes of Western medicine, poorer quality of evaluation studies, etc. still exist. Thus, it is urgent to establish a reasonable evaluating system for acupuncture clinical efficacy which accords with the theory of acupuncture, embodies the characteristics and advantages of acupuncture clinic, perfecting the clinical evaluation method, and improving the quality of clinical efficacy evaluation and accelerating the sustainable development of acupuncture clinic. Through reasonable analysis on the current situations about the clinical evaluation research of acupuncture and combining some new concepts and methods, the authors of the present paper hold that the new evaluation system should embody the characteristic of the theory and clinical practice of acupuncture and fully make use of the methods of evidence-based medicine and some measuring scales. They also advocate trying to establish an "evidence-based-goal-attainment scale" method by combining standardized population evaluation with individualized diagnosis-treatment evaluation so as to enhance the international development of acupuncture.
PMID: 18386648 [PubMed - in process]
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Acupuncture clinical studies and evidence-based medicine--an update
Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2008 Feb
Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21207, USA. llao@compmed.umm.edu
Acupuncture has been widely used in the West in recent years and demand has been growing for scientific evaluation of its clinical efficacy. The practice of evidence-based medicine has brought new challenges in the design of acupuncture research, and publication of randomized clinical trials on acupuncture has significantly increased. While systematic reviews of these trials have advanced our current knowledge, they have exposed deficiencies in research design and revealed that one design can not answer all research questions. Few clinical studies conducted in China have been published in the West, and most published in Chinese suffer from methodological design flaws that render the results unreliable and unconvincing. Such flaws include inadequate or no randomization, inadequate control, unsatisfactory outcome measurements, lack of proper concealment, insufficient follow-up, and improper statistical analysis. To foster high quality acupuncture clinical research in China, we must cultivate innovation and creativity in research design. It is unwise to simply follow or copy the research methodology of Western pharmaceutical studies. Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) must be evaluated using rigorous scientific methods that preserve the essence of TCM concepts, so that acupuncture and TCM, these ancient healing arts, can continue to play an important role in the health care systems of modern societies.
PMID: 18386647 [PubMed - in process]
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Discussion on randomized controlled trials about clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine
2007 Jul
Section of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
The characteristics of clinical tests of acupuncture and moxibustion were analyzed by studies of the literature about clinical evidence-based trials of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine at present and on the basis of full analysis on the cause of insufficient evidence of clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion, in combination with the authors' experiences of clinical studies, and it is put forward that future clinical researches of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine should actively search for new research methods, insist evidence-based acupuncture and moxibustion medical researches, pay attention to retaining own researching characteristics of the acupuncture and moxibustion medicine, accumulate experiences, gradually establish and perfect the assessment system conforming with clinical research methods of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine, elevate the position of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine and develop the acupuncture and moxibustion medicine.
PMID: 17722836 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
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External Links:
Keywords: Breast cancer; Head and neck cancer; Oncology; Lymphoedema; Acupuncture; Moxibustion; Survivorship; Symptom burden; Quality of life
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462388911001050
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20088421
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Adverse
Reactions after Acupuncture: A Review
Palle Rosted MD
Consultant Medical Acupuncturist
Clinical Lecturer Sheffield University
Weston Park Hospital
Sheffield S10 2SJ (UK)
http://www.flormontana.com/english/docs/adverse1.htm
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Lymphedema risk from acupuncture?
http://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/comp_med/ask_expert/2007_03/question_09.jsp
............http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/acu.html
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Acupuncture: Can it help? - Mayo Clinic
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/acupuncture/SA00086
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An Introduction to Acupuncture - National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
http://nccam.nih.gov/health/acupuncture/
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Acupuncture - Clinical Trials.gov
http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/intervention=acupuncture
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Acupuncture and Acupressure
http://www.thebreastcaresite.com/tbcs/InTreatment/HolisticTherapy/AcupunctureAcupressure.htm
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Acupuncture
http://www.medicinenet.com/acupuncture/article.htm
====================
Index of articles of LYMPHEDEMA TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
Benzopyrones Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_benzopyrones_treatmen.htm
Manual
Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) and Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT)
Diuretics
are not for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=diuretics_are_not_for_lymphedema
Endermologie Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_endermologie_therapy.htm
Kinesiology Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_kinesiology_therapy.htm
Laser Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_laser_treatment.htm
Laser Treatment - Sara's Experience
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_laser_treatment_saras_experience.htm
Liposuction Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=liposuction
Reflexology Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_reflexology_therapy.htm
Lymphedema Surgeries
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_surgeries.htm
Lymphedema Treatments are Poorly Utilized
ttp:ttp://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_treatments_are_poorly_utilized.htm
Lymphedema Treatment Programs Canada
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_treatment_programs_canada.htm
Wholistic Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_wholistic_treatment.htm
Microsurgeries
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_microsurgery.htm
Homeopathy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_homeopathy.htm
Compression Bandages for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=compression_bandages_for_lymphedema
Short Stretch Bandages are for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=short_stretch_bandages_for_lymphedema
Compression Garments Stockings for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=compression_garments_stockings_for_lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_sleeves
Compression Pumps for Lymphedema Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=compression_pumps_for_lymphedema_treatment
Aqua Therapy for Postsurgical Breast Cancer Arm Lymphedema
Aqua Therapy in Managing Lower Extremity Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=aqua_therapy_in_managing_lower_extremity_lymphedema
Aromatherapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_aromatherapy.htm
Magnetic Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_magnetic_therapy.htm
Mesotherapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_mesotherapy.htm
Light Beam Generator Therapy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_light_beam_generator_therapy.htm
Lymphobiology
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_lymphobiology.htm
Kinesio Taping (R)
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_kinesio_taping.htm
Chi Machine
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/thesite/lymphedema_and_the_chi_machine.htm
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Join us as we work for lymphedema patients everywehere:
Advocates for Lymphedema
Dedicated to be an advocacy group for lymphedema patients. Working towards education, legal reform, changing insurance practices, promoting research, reaching for a cure.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/AdvocatesforLymphedema/
| Subscribe: | AdvocatesforLymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com |
Pat O'Connor
Lymphedema People / Advocates for Lymphedema
===========================
For information about Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema\
For Information about Lymphedema Complications
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=complications_of_lymphedema
For Lymphedema Personal Stories
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=3
For information about How to Treat a Lymphedema Wound
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=how_to_treat_a_lymphedema_wound
For information about Lymphedema Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
For information about Exercises for Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=exercises_for_lymphedema
For information on Infections Associated with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=infections_associated_with_lymphedema
For information on Lymphedema in Children
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_in_children
Lymphedema Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:listing
===========================
Lymphedema People - Support Groups
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Children
with Lymphedema
The time has come for families, parents, caregivers to have a support
group of
their own. Support group for parents, families and caregivers of
chilren with
lymphedema. Sharing information on coping, diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis.
Sponsored by Lymphedema People.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/childrenwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: childrenwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
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Lipedema
Lipodema Lipoedema
No matter how you spell it, this is another very little understood and
totally
frustrating conditions out there. This will be a support group for
those
suffering with lipedema/lipodema. A place for information, sharing
experiences,
exploring treatment options and coping.
Come join, be a part of the family!
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/lipedema_lipodema_lipoedema/?yguid=209645515
Subscribe: lipedema_lipodema_lipoedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
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MEN WITH LYMPHEDEMA
If you are a man with
lymphedema; a man with a loved one with lymphedema who you are trying
to help
and understand come join us and discover what it is to be the master
instead of
the sufferer of lymphedema.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/menwithlymphedema/
Subscribe: menwithlymphedema-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
......................
All
About Lymphangiectasia
Support group for parents, patients, children who suffer from all forms
of
lymphangiectasia. This condition is caused by dilation of the
lymphatics. It can
affect the intestinal tract, lungs and other critical body areas.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/allaboutlymphangiectasia/
Subscribe: allaboutlymphangiectasia-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
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Lymphatic
Disorders Support Group @ Yahoo Groups
While we have a number of support groups for lymphedema... there is
nothing out
there for other lymphatic disorders. Because we have one of the most
comprehensive information sites on all lymphatic disorders, I thought
perhaps,
it is time that one be offered.
DISCRIPTION
Information and support for rare and unusual disorders affecting the
lymph
system. Includes lymphangiomas, lymphatic malformations,
telangiectasia,
hennekam's syndrome, distichiasis, Figueroa
syndrome, ptosis syndrome, plus many more. Extensive database of
information
available through sister site Lymphedema People.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/lymphaticdisorders/
Subscribe: lymphaticdisorders-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
Lymphedema People New Wiki Pages
Have you seen our new
“Wiki” pages yet? Listed
below
are just a sample of the more than 140 pages now listed in our Wiki
section. We
are also working on hundred more.
Come
and take a stroll!
Lymphedema
Glossary
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:listing
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema
Arm Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=arm_lymphedema
Leg Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=leg_lymphedema
Acute Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=acute_lymphedema
The Lymphedema Diet
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=the_lymphedema_diet
Exercises for
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=exercises_for_lymphedema
Diuretics are not for
Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=diuretics_are_not_for_lymphedema
Lymphedema People
Online Support Groups
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_people_online_support_groups
Lipedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lipedema
Treatment
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=treatment
Lymphedema and Pain
Management
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_and_pain_management
Manual
Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) and Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT)
Infections Associated
with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=infections_associated_with_lymphedema
How to Treat a
Lymphedema Wound
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=how_to_treat_a_lymphedema_wound
Fungal Infections
Associated with Lymphedema
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=fungal_infections_associated_with_lymphedema
Lymphedema in Children
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_in_children
Lymphoscintigraphy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphoscintigraphy
Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=magnetic_resonance_imaging
Extraperitoneal
para-aortic lymph node dissection (EPLND)
Axillary
node biopsy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=axillary_node_biopsy
Sentinel Node Biopsy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=sentinel_node_biopsy
Small
Needle Biopsy - Fine Needle Aspiration
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=small_needle_biopsy
Magnetic
Resonance Imaging
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=magnetic_resonance_imaging
Lymphedema
Gene FOXC2
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_gene_foxc2
Lymphedema Gene VEGFC
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_gene_vegfc
Lymphedema Gene SOX18
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_gene_sox18
Lymphedema and
Pregnancy
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=lymphedema_and_pregnancy
Home page: Lymphedema People
http://www.lymphedemapeople.com
Page Updated: Jan. 12, 2012